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Apocalypse of Pseudo-Ephraem (known today as the Sermon at the end of the world) is a 7th-century Syrian tract which provides a glimpse into the events that took place during its time in the Middle-East. == Use of Other (Latin) Pseudo-Ephraem in Controversy over the History of Rapture Doctrine == A translation of a radically different "Ephraem" text, a Latin text (with disputed date) of what is also purported to be a sermon of Ephraem, by a professor at Tyndale Theological Seminary, Ft. Worth, Texas, Cameron Rhoades, is cited by some, to support an early Church reference to the rapture. While the Latin text is dated in the period 4th to 8th centuries, exactly when in that time bracket is questionable. The Latin text may not date before the 8th-century. The Latin text is certainly not translated from the (radically different) Syriac sermon. The Latin origin may be earlier than the Syriac origin. Its relation to the Greek texts is uncertain. For perspective, according to Frazier, "Collections of works ascribed to Ephrem exist in several languages, the largest body of texts being Greek. Nearly all the surviving texts attributed to Ephrem in languages other than Syriac and Armenian are derived from this Greek corpus, including the Latin corpus.〔T.L. Frazier, "A Second Look at the Second Coming," p. 181.〕 Thus, different translations from different underlying texts (Syriac text, Greek, and Latin) may be confusedly cited as the same Pseudo-Ephraem sermon and popular writers may not point out these important differences, e.g., that the Latin text is later and borrows from Pseudo-Methodius. The opinions of scholars are divided on the origins of this apocalypse, but a date later than Ephraem with pseudonymous authorship are advanced by some. As an example, C. P. Caspari (Latin text editor) and Paul Alexander advance a date after the demise of (St.) Ephraem. Caspari would date it between late 6th and early 7th AD centuries. Alexander claims the work apparently was originally was written at the end of the 4th AD century, but only reached its final form by the late 6th to early 7th centuries. Thus for these scholars, this is not the actual work of Ephraem the Syrian, but the work of some unknown preacher now termed 'Pseudo- Ephraem'. Yet, both Caspari and Alexander consider Pseudo-Ephraem to be greatly influenced by the actual work of Ephraem.〔Bennett, David Malcolm: "Raptured or Not Raptured? That is the Question," The Evangelical Quarterly, 80.2 (2008), 144.〕 But despite any debate on the date, this document does give evidence of rapture theory at least as early as the eighth century. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Apocalypse of Pseudo-Ephraem」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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